This chapter describes a module which may be used for the encoding dating 3 months after death of spouse names and other phrases descriptive of persons, places, or organizations, in a manner more detailed than that possible using the elements already provided for these purposes in the Core module. In section 3. The elements provided by the present module allow the encoder to supply a detailed sub-structure for such referring strings, and to distinguish explicitly between names of persons, places, and organizations. This module also provides elements for the representation of information about the person, place, or organization to dating 3 months after death of spouse a given name is understood to refer and to represent the name itself, independently of its application. In simple terms, where the core module allows one simply to represent that a given piece of text is a namethis module allows one further to represent a personal nameto represent the person being named, and to represent the canonical name being used. A similar range is provided for names of places and organizations. The main intended applications for this module are in biographical, historical, or geographical data systems such as gazetteers and biographical databases, where these are to be integrated with encoded texts. The chapter begins by discussing attributes common to many of the elements discussed in the remaining parts of the chapter Elements for encoding personal and organizational data are discussed in section Elements for the encoding of geographical data are discussed in section Finally, elements for encoding onomastic data are discussed in Most of the elements made available by this chapter share some important characteristics which are expressed by their membership in specific attribute classes. Members of the class att. However, as explained in 3. The nymRef attribute has a more specialized use, where it is the name itself which is of interest rather than the person, place, or organization being named. See section All members of the att. This enables an encoder to record the agency responsible for a given assertion for example, the name and the confidence placed in that assertion by the encoder. Examples are given below. Members of the att. Since when is used for a particular date or time, from and to for a duration, and notBefore and notAfter for a date or time within a range, it makes no sense to use when in combination with one or more of the others. Thus these Guidelines at present recommend against the use of when in combination with any of fromtonotBeforeor notAfter. The from or to attributes imply that the temporal expression to which they are attached signifies a duration, so the use of either with notBefore or notAfter means a duration is indicated. Normalization of date and time values permits the efficient processing of data for example, to determine whether one event precedes or follows another. These examples all use the W3C standard format for representation of dates and times. Further examples, and discussion of some alternative approaches to normalization are given in section The core rs and name elements can distinguish names in a text but are insufficiently powerful to mark their internal components or structure. To conduct nominal record linkage or even to create an alphabetically sorted list of personal names, it is important to distinguish between a family name, a forename and an honorary title. The following elements are provided for these and related purposes:. In addition to the att. The persName element is more powerful than the rs and name elements because distinctive name components occurring within it can be marked as such. This example also demonstrates the use of the sort attribute common to all members of the model. Finally, the addName and roleName elements are used to mark all name components other than those already listed. The distinction between them is that a roleName encloses an associated name component such as an aristocratic or official title which exists in some sense independently of its bearer. The distinction is not always a clear one. As elsewhere, the type attribute may be used with either element to supply culture- or application- specific distinctions. Some typical values for this attribute for names in the Western European tradition follow:. Note, however, that the role a person has in a given context such as witnessdefendantetc. Information about roles, occupations, etc. Although highly flexible, these mechanisms for marking personal name components will not cater for every personal name, nor for every processing need. Where the internal structure of personal names is highly complex or where name components are particularly ambiguous, feature structures are recommended as the most appropriate mechanism to mark and analyze them, as further discussed in chapter 19 Feature Structures. White space is allowed and therefore significant between elements within namepersNameorgNameand placeName. See 1.
The nym element may also combine a number of other nym elements together, where it is intended to show that they are all regarded as variations on the same root. Elements for the encoding of geographical data are discussed in section The selection and combination of modules to form a TEI schema is described in 1. These names are chosen to reflect the fact that non-mutual relations are directed , in the sense that they are most readily described by a transitive verb, or a verb phrase of the form is X of or is X to. Verlag Klaus-Jürgen Kamprad, Altenburg , S.
Related Articles
We use published claims about the greater happiness of married people to illustrate how the scientific enterprise seems to be influenced by the ideology. My coaching is focused on helping others define exactly WHO they are NEXT and HOW they will be happy - after loss, trauma or whatever -. If you've experienced the death of a significant other - a boyfriend, girlfriend, partner, situationship that you hoped to be more, financé. We. Duration of cohabitation or marriage/time since separation or divorce were determined by reference to both (1) the life course questionnaire administered to.As with the example of Lyon, the precise geographic location and extent of a place may change over time, and so locations like names may need to be qualified with indications of the time period to which they apply. When her husband was away examining organs or for other reasons, she was responsible for running the business. As elsewhere, the type attribute may be used with either element to supply culture- or application- specific distinctions. For example, the modern city of Lyon in France was in Roman times known as Lugdunum. Instead, the generic state , trait , and event elements defined by this module should be used. Where objects have proper names the objectName element may be used to encode these. For example, the following entry from a hypothetical prosopography lists only the nominative case of the preferred pronouns as identified by Miss Major Griffin-Gracy, a historical figure. Alternatively, the generic name element may be used for all of the naming components in a description. The full ISO standard provides formats not available in the W3C recommendation, for example, the capability to refer to a date by its ordinal date or week date, or to refer to a century. The listObject element is a member of model. The content model for org permits any mixture of generic state , trait , or event elements: the presence of the orgName element described in Any element which is a member of the att. The OGC coordinates with the ISO TC standards organization to maintain consistency between OGC and ISO standards work. An organization is not the same thing as a list or group of people because it has an identity of its own. As an example of the first case, a project might maintain its own local database system containing canonical information about persons and places, each entry in which is accessed by means of some system-specific identifier constructed in a project-specific way from the value supplied for the key attribute. Bach scholar Ruth Tatlow has written a refutation at length, centred on the TV documentary, in the journal Understanding Bach , where she calls Jarvis's claims "flawed and untenable". The nymRef attribute has a more specialized use, where it is the name itself which is of interest rather than the person, place, or organization being named. For cartographers and historical geographers, however, the component parts of a place name provide important information about the relation between the name and some spot in space and time. Never miss a story — sign up for PEOPLE's free daily newsletter to stay up-to-date on the best of what PEOPLE has to offer, from celebrity news to compelling human interest stories. However, names can also be regarded as objects in their own right, irrespective of the objects to which they are attached, notably in onomastic studies. Non-Gregorian dates can be encoded using methods described below. Like a dictionary entry, it may contain any element from the model. A corresponding relation between an object description and place may be recorded through the use of the corresp attribute. These are thought respectively to symbolize Tutankhamun's rule of both Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. People Editorial Guidelines. Germany United States France BnF data Japan Italy Australia Czech Republic Spain Portugal Netherlands Norway Latvia Croatia Chile Greece Korea Sweden Poland Israel Catalonia Belgium. Any statement or assertion about these aspects of a person's life will be based on some source, possibly multiple sources, possibly contradictory.
